Everything about The Highland Boundary Fault totally explained
The
Highland Boundary Fault is a
geologic fault that traverses
Scotland from
Arran and
Helensburgh on the west coast to
Stonehaven in the east. It separates two distinctly different
physiographic regions: the
Highlands from the
Lowlands, but in most places it's only recognisable as a change in
topography.
Aligned southwest to northeast, from
Lochranza on Arran it bisects the
Isle of Bute, and crosses the south eastern parts of the
Cowal and
Rosneath Peninsulas as it passes up the
Firth of Clyde. It comes ashore near
Helensburgh then continues through
Loch Lomond to
Aberfoyle, then
Callander,
Comrie and
Crieff. It then forms the northern boundary of the Vale of
Strathmore and reaches the
North Sea immediately north of
Stonehaven near the
ruined Chapel of St. Mary and St. Nathalan. To the north and west lie hard
Precambrian and
Cambrian metamorphic rocks: marine deposits metamorphosed to
schists,
phyllites and
slates. To the south and east are
Old Red Sandstone conglomerates and
sandstones: softer,
sedimentary rocks of the
Devonian and
Carboniferous periods.
The Highland Boundary Fault was active during the
Caledonian Orogeny,
a
plate tectonic collision which took place from Mid
Ordovician to Mid
Devonian periods (520 to 400 million years ago), during the closure of the
Iapetus Ocean. The
fault allowed the Midland Valley to descend as a major
rift by as much as 4000 metres and there was subsequently
vertical movement. This earlier vertical movement was later replaced by a horizontal shear. A complementary fault, the
Southern Upland Fault, forms the southern boundary for the
Central Lowlands.
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